{"id":14834,"date":"2021-04-20T08:43:16","date_gmt":"2021-04-20T08:43:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.secretjardin.com\/ressources\/detail-sur-leclairage\/"},"modified":"2021-04-27T15:28:57","modified_gmt":"2021-04-27T15:28:57","slug":"detail-sur-leclairage","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.secretjardin.com\/fr\/ressources\/detail-sur-leclairage\/","title":{"rendered":"D\u00e9tail sur l’\u00e9clairage"},"content":{"rendered":"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]On qualifie une lumi\u00e8re en \u00e9valuant sa QUALITE <\/strong>(SPECTRE) et son INTENSITE <\/strong>(P.A.R.).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

QUALITE D\u2019UNE LUMIERE<\/span><\/h3>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]La lumi\u00e8re est constitu\u00e9e de photons qui r\u00e9agissent comme des ondes lorsqu\u2019ils se d\u00e9placent. On leur associe donc des longueurs d\u2019onde. Les photons qui agissent sur les plantes se trouvent entre l\u2019Ultra-Violet et l\u2019Infra Rouge, proches du visible, de 350 \u00e0 750 nm (Fig. 2).
\nUV Proches (350-380 nm) :<\/strong> Ils permettent de lutter contre certains micro-organismes et am\u00e9liorent le syst\u00e8me immunitaire des plantes.
\nVisible (380-700 nm) :<\/strong> C\u2019est la partie qui agit sur la photosynth\u00e8se. La plante absorbe principalement le bleu et le rouge. En g\u00e9n\u00e9ral, le bleu (430-500) favorise la croissance et le rouge (630-680) la floraison et la fructification.
\nIR Proches (700-750 nm) :<\/strong> \u00c9galement appel\u00e9s \u00ab Rouges Sombres \u00bb, ils agissent comme un chauffage radian et favorisent l\u2019allongement des plantes qui cherchent le soleil.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

INTENSITE D\u2019UNE LUMIERE<\/span><\/h3>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Seuls les photons dont la longueur d\u2019onde va de 400 \u00e0 700 nm (proche du domaine du visible) participent \u00e0 la photosynth\u00e8se. On appelle ces photons \u00ab Photosynthetically Active Radiation \u00bb. On peut mesurer le P.A.R. d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9clairage quand il est seul (PPF-PPE) ou au sein d\u2019une configuration de culture compl\u00e8te (PPFD).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

SYSTEME D'ECLAIRAGE SEUL<\/span><\/h3>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]On place la lampe dans une sph\u00e8re type Ulbritch (Fig. 3), et l\u2019on mesure tous les photons qu\u2019elle \u00e9met chaque seconde. On obtient ainsi le \u00ab Photosynthetic Photon Flux \u00bb, (P.P.F. en \u03bcmol\/s), qui \u00e9value la puissance photosynth\u00e9tique potentielle du syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9clairage. En divisant le P.P.F. par la puissance consomm\u00e9e, on obtient le \u00ab Photosynthetic Photon Efficacy \u00bb (P.P.E. en \u03bcmol\/s\/w ou \u03bcmol\/j) qui permet d\u2019\u00e9valuer le rendement photosynth\u00e9tique potentiel, par watt consomm\u00e9 d\u2019un syst\u00e8me d\u2019\u00e9clairage. Voici quelques valeurs de P.P.E. : Fluo Compact (CFL, TCL, T5\u2026) = Moins de 1 \u03bcmol\/s\/w, lampes \u00e0 d\u00e9charge (HPS, MH, CMH\u2026) = 1 \u00e0 2 \u03bcmol\/s\/w, diodes \u00e9lectroluminescentes (LED) : 2 \u00e0 3 \u03bcmol\/s\/w actuellement.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

SYSTEME DE CULTURE COMPLET<\/span><\/h3>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]On mesure les photons qui tombent sur la surface de culture rapport\u00e9e au m2, chaque seconde. On appelle cela le \u00ab Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density \u00bb, (P.P.F.D., en \u03bcmol\/s\/m2). Cela permet d\u2019\u00e9valuer la puissance photosynth\u00e9tique r\u00e9elle, par m2 sur une surface de culture. Le P.P.F.D. est repr\u00e9sent\u00e9 par une vue de dessus de l\u2019espace de culture, avec des valeurs prises tous les 30 x 30 cm 36″ x 36″ (Fig. 4). Afin d\u2019en simplifier la lecture, nous avons d\u00e9fini trois couleurs pour trois niveaux de P.P.F.D.<\/p>\n

Niveau I: <\/strong>Moins de 300 \u03bcmol\/s\/m2 : Propagation, semence, croissance l\u00e9g\u00e8re, mode v\u00e9g\u00e9tatif.<\/p>\n

Niveau II: <\/strong>300 \u00e0 600 \u03bcmol\/s\/m2 : Culture des plantes aimant le soleil, culture intensive des plantes aimant l\u2019ombre.<\/p>\n

Niveau III: <\/strong>Plus de 600 \u03bcmol\/s\/m2 : Culture intensive des plantes aimant le soleil.<\/p>\n[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb14822″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column]

APPELLATION DES LED<\/span><\/h3>[\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]Il existe deux types de LED. Les LED monochromatiques<\/strong> \u00e9mettent des photons vibrant autour d\u2019une seule fr\u00e9quence. On les nommera par leur longueur d\u2019onde : 450 nm bleu, 660 nm rouge\u2026 Les LED blanches<\/strong> ont un spectre plus large. Elles proviennent d\u2019une LED monochromatique bleue, sur laquelle on a d\u00e9pos\u00e9 une couche de luminophore, qui a pour effet de d\u00e9caler et d\u2019aplatir le spectre vers le jaune en baissant l\u2019\u00e9nergie de certains photons (Fig. 5). On les appelle par leur temp\u00e9rature de couleur, en Kelvin : 6500\u00b0K Blanc Froid, 5000\/4000\u00b0K Blanc Chaud, 3000\/2700\/2100\u00b0K Blanc Jaune. Cette m\u00e9thode permet d\u2019obtenir des LED utilisables pour l\u2019\u00e9clairage quotidien, mais \u00e9galement pour la culture, gr\u00e2ce \u00e0 leur spectre plus complet.[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_single_image image=\u00a0\u00bb14758″][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]On qualifie une lumi\u00e8re en \u00e9valuant sa QUALITE (SPECTRE) et son INTENSITE (P.A.R.).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]La lumi\u00e8re est constitu\u00e9e de photons qui r\u00e9agissent comme des ondes lorsqu\u2019ils se d\u00e9placent. On leur associe donc des longueurs d\u2019onde. Les photons qui agissent sur les plantes…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":0,"parent":7463,"menu_order":8,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"templates\/no-sidebar.php","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-14834","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry","entry","no-media"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nD\u00e9tail sur l'\u00e9clairage - Secret Jardin<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.secretjardin.com\/fr\/ressources\/detail-sur-leclairage\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"D\u00e9tail sur l'\u00e9clairage - Secret Jardin\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"[vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]On qualifie une lumi\u00e8re en \u00e9valuant sa QUALITE (SPECTRE) et son INTENSITE (P.A.R.).[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text]La lumi\u00e8re est constitu\u00e9e de photons qui r\u00e9agissent comme des ondes lorsqu\u2019ils se d\u00e9placent. 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